{"id":79541,"date":"2019-12-09T10:44:44","date_gmt":"2019-12-09T09:44:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hemppedia.org\/?p=79541"},"modified":"2021-10-28T17:17:19","modified_gmt":"2021-10-28T15:17:19","slug":"czym-sa-terpeny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/","title":{"rendered":"Terpeny w konopiach"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_57_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor: pointer\">Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-69f8cd2a91ff1\" ><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #428bca;color:#428bca\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #428bca;color:#428bca\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-69f8cd2a91ff1\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69f8cd2a91ff1\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Czym_sa_terpeny\" title=\"Czym s\u0105 terpeny?\">Czym s\u0105 terpeny?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Terpeny_w_konopiach\" title=\"Terpeny w konopiach\">Terpeny w konopiach<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Mircen\" title=\"Mircen\">Mircen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Limonen\" title=\"Limonen\">Limonen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Beta-kariofilen\" title=\"Beta-kariofilen\">Beta-kariofilen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Pinen\" title=\"Pinen\">Pinen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Linalol\" title=\"Linalol\">Linalol<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Humulen\" title=\"Humulen\">Humulen<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Efekt_Entourage\" title=\"Efekt Entourage\">Efekt Entourage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Co_to_w_praktyce_oznacza\" title=\"Co to w praktyce oznacza? \">Co to w praktyce oznacza? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/czym-sa-terpeny\/#Referencje\" title=\"Referencje\">Referencje<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;79541&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (3)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Terpeny w konopiach&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;118&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 118px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\n            5\/5 - (3)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>Konopie najcz\u0119\u015bciej kojarz\u0105 si\u0119 nam z przyjemnym, cz\u0119sto odurzaj\u0105cym zapachem, za kt\u00f3ry odpowiadaj\u0105 terpeny. Ostry charakterystyczny aromat konopi, obecny w \u015bwie\u017cych li\u015bciach, kwiatach czy suszu konopnym jest w\u0142a\u015bnie zas\u0142ug\u0105 terpen\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re obok kannabinoid\u00f3w obficie wyst\u0119puj\u0105 w konopiach siewnych.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1631632839647\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h2 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Czym_sa_terpeny\"><\/span>Czym s\u0105 terpeny?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Terpeny to aromatyczne zwi\u0105zki chemiczne wyst\u0119puj\u0105ce w wielu ro\u015blinach. To one nadaj\u0105 charakterystyczny zapach lawendzie, pomara\u0144czy czy go\u017adzikom. Ale aromat to nie wszystko. Terpeny to swoisty mechanizm ochronny ro\u015bliny, odstraszaj\u0105cy szkodniki i chroni\u0105cy przed grzybami i bakteriami oraz niekorzystnymi warunkami atmosferycznymi. Dodatkowo terpeny wabi\u0105 owady zapylaj\u0105ce.<\/p>\n<p>Je\u015bli chodzi o budow\u0119, terpeny to organiczne zwi\u0105zki wodorowe o wzorze og\u00f3lnym (C5H8)n. S\u0105 produkowane w tzw. trichomach (specjalnych w\u0142oskach pokrywaj\u0105cych powierzchni\u0119 ro\u015bliny), znajduj\u0105cych si\u0119 na kwiatach konopi i li\u015bciach bezpo\u015brednio przylegaj\u0105cych do nich.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Terpeny_w_konopiach\"><\/span>Terpeny w konopiach<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Konopie jako jedna z niewielu znanych nam ro\u015blin obfituje w terpeny. Naukowcy rozr\u00f3\u017cniaj\u0105 ponad 100 rodzaj\u00f3w, a ka\u017cdy szczep konopi charakteryzuje si\u0119 unikalnym sk\u0142adem i st\u0119\u017ceniem terpen\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poni\u017cej przedstawiamy najpopularniejsze terpeny znajduj\u0105ce si\u0119 w konopiach oraz ich w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mircen\"><\/span>Mircen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z ziemistym, go\u017adzikowym i pi\u017cmowym aromatem, mircen jest terpenem najobficiej wyst\u0119puj\u0105cym w konopiach siewnych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wiele bada\u0144 wykaza\u0142o, \u017ce zwi\u0105zek ten dzia\u0142a jako \u015brodek rozlu\u017aniaj\u0105cy mi\u0119\u015bnie<sup><a href=\"#footnote_0_79541\" id=\"identifier_0_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Leinow,, L. and Birnbaum, J. (2017).&nbsp;CBD: A Patient&rsquo;s Guide to Medicinal Cannabis. North Atlantic Books.\">1<\/a><\/sup>, a jego uspakajaj\u0105ce i relaksuj\u0105ce dzia\u0142anie sprawia, \u017ce jest on idealny w leczeniu bezsenno\u015bci i b\u00f3lu<sup><a href=\"#footnote_1_79541\" id=\"identifier_1_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Introduction to tepenes, Medical Jane. [online]\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c znany jako antybiotyk, silny \u015brodek przeciwb\u00f3lowy oraz przeciwzapalny<sup><a href=\"#footnote_2_79541\" id=\"identifier_2_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Ethan B Russo.&nbsp;Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain.&nbsp;Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2008 Feb; 4(1): 245&ndash;259.\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Mircen blokuje dzia\u0142anie cytochromu i innych mutagennych czynnik\u00f3w rakotw\u00f3rczych<sup><a href=\"#footnote_1_79541\" id=\"identifier_3_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Introduction to tepenes, Medical Jane. [online]\">2<\/a><\/sup>, a badania sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce mo\u017ce by\u0107 pomocny w zapobieganiu chorobie wrzodowej \u017co\u0142\u0105dka i dwunastnicy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aromat:<\/strong> ziemisty, pi\u017cmowy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wyst\u0119powanie<\/strong>: pi\u017cmo, go\u017adziki, eukaliptus, chmiel, trawa cytrynowa, mango, tymianek<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limonen\"><\/span>Limonen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Limonen jest naturalnym \u015brodkiem owadob\u00f3jczym, kt\u00f3rego ro\u015bliny u\u017cywaj\u0105 do odstraszania drapie\u017cnik\u00f3w. Przez dziesi\u0119ciolecia stosowano go g\u0142\u00f3wnie w produkcji \u017cywno\u015bci i perfum, obecnie jest najlepiej znany jako podstawowy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/vitamins\/ai\/ingredientmono-1105\/limonene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"sk\u0142adnik aktywny (opens in a new tab)\">sk\u0142adnik aktywny<\/a> domowych \u015brodk\u00f3w czyszcz\u0105cych, od\u015bwie\u017caczy powietrza, kosmetyk\u00f3w i \u015brodk\u00f3w higieny osobistej. Jest to tak\u017ce niezb\u0119dny sk\u0142adnik leczniczych krem\u00f3w i ma\u015bci, gdy\u017c pomaga tym produktom lepiej wnika\u0107 w sk\u00f3r\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Limonen nie tylko wspomaga wch\u0142anianie innych sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w i nadaje produktom \u0142adny zapach, ale r\u00f3wnie\u017c wykazuje szereg innych w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci. Jest idealnym \u015brodkiem przeciwgrzybiczym na dolegliwo\u015bci takie jak grzybica st\u00f3p, gdy\u017c hamuje wzrost wielu gatunk\u00f3w grzyb\u00f3w i bakterii<sup><a href=\"#footnote_1_79541\" id=\"identifier_4_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Introduction to tepenes, Medical Jane. [online]\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Limonem mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c zrzuci\u0107 zb\u0119dne kilogramy, zwalczy\u0107 zapalenie p\u0142uc czy wspomaga\u0107 leczenie nowotwor\u00f3w<sup><a href=\"#footnote_3_79541\" id=\"identifier_5_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Limonene, Webmd. [online]\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Ponadto, podczas bada\u0144 klinicznych nad wp\u0142ywem limonenu uczestnicy do\u015bwiadczyli wzrostu uwagi, koncentracji psychicznej, dobrego samopoczucia, a nawet pop\u0119du p\u0142ciowego. Limonen zapobiega pogarszaniu si\u0119 stanu genu RAS, jednego z czynnik\u00f3w przyczyniaj\u0105cych si\u0119 do rozwoju nowotwor\u00f3w, a tak\u017ce chroni przez substancjami rakotw\u00f3rczymi obecnymi w dymie<sup><a href=\"#footnote_4_79541\" id=\"identifier_6_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Marijuana terpenes and their effects, Alchimiaweb. [online]\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Limonen zmniejsza nieprzyjemno\u015bci zwi\u0105zane z nadprodukcj\u0105 kwasu \u017co\u0142\u0105dkowego, stymuluje uk\u0142ad odporno\u015bciowy oraz jest cz\u0119sto stosowany do leczenia depresji i stan\u00f3w l\u0119kowych<sup><a href=\"#footnote_5_79541\" id=\"identifier_7_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Ibid\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aromat:<\/strong> cytrusowy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wyst\u0119powanie<\/strong>: rozmaryn, ja\u0142owiec, mi\u0119ta pieprzowa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Beta-kariofilen\"><\/span>Beta-kariofilen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Beta-kariofilen (BCP), u\u017cywany cz\u0119sto w gumach do \u017cucia obok innych aromat\u00f3w, jest jedynym terpenem, o kt\u00f3rym wiadomo, \u017ce wchodzi w interakcj\u0119 z <a href=\"https:\/\/hemppedia.org\/pl\/uklad-endokannabinoidowy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">uk\u0142adem endokannabinoidowym<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Badania udowodni\u0142y, \u017ce olejek eteryczny wyizolowany z czarnego pieprzu, kt\u00f3rego g\u0142\u00f3wnym sk\u0142adnikiem jest beta-kariofilen, posiada w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci antyoksydacyjne, przeciwzapalne i przeciwb\u00f3lowe<sup><a href=\"#footnote_6_79541\" id=\"identifier_8_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Kristiniak, S., Harpel, J., Breckenridge, D.M., and&nbsp;Buckle, J., Black Pepper Essential Oil to Enhance Intravenous Catheter Insertion in Patients With Poor Vein Visibility: A Controlled Study, The Journal of Alternative and Contemporary Medicine 18, no 11 (November 2012):1003-1007.\">7<\/a><\/sup> oraz mo\u017ce by\u0107 przydatny w leczeniu b\u00f3lu zwi\u0105zanego z zapaleniem staw\u00f3w i neuropati\u0105. Badanie z 2013 r. wykaza\u0142o, \u017ce po\u0142\u0105czenie fitokannabinoid\u00f3w, zw\u0142aszcza CBD i beta-kariofilenu, podawanych doustnie wydaje si\u0119 by\u0107 potencjaln\u0105 metod\u0105 leczenia przewlek\u0142ego b\u00f3lu<sup><a href=\"#footnote_7_79541\" id=\"identifier_9_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Perry G. Fine and&nbsp;Mark J. Rosenfeld, The Endocannabinoid System, Cannabinoids, and Pain, Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal 4, no. 4 (2013).\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aromat:<\/strong> pieprzowy, ostry, drzewny, go\u017adzikowy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wyst\u0119powanie<\/strong>: czarny pieprz, go\u017adziki, cynamon, bazylia, oregano, chmiel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pinen\"><\/span>Pinen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Charakterystyczny zapach sosny czy innych drzew iglastych jest zawdzi\u0119czany w\u0142a\u015bnie temu terpenowi. Pinen skutecznie odstrasza owady i cz\u0119sto jest wykorzystywany w przemy\u015ble perfumeryjnym jako sk\u0142adnik perfum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinen wykazuje silne w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci przeciwzapalne i antyseptyczne<sup><a href=\"#footnote_8_79541\" id=\"identifier_10_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Russo, E.B., Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology (2011):1344-1364.\">9<\/a><\/sup>. Wspomaga r\u00f3wnie\u017c leczenie astmy, rozszerzaj\u0105c oskrzela i u\u0142atwiaj\u0105c oddychanie<sup><a href=\"#footnote_9_79541\" id=\"identifier_11_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Rohr AC,&nbsp;Wilkins CK,&nbsp;Clausen PA,&nbsp;Hammer M,&nbsp;Nielsen GD,&nbsp;Wolkoff P,&nbsp;Spengler JD., Upper airway and pulmonary effects of oxidation products of (+)-alpha-pinene, d-limonene, and isoprene in BALB\/c mice, Inhalation Technology 14 no. 7 (2002) 633-684.\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Pinen przeciwdzia\u0142a dzia\u0142aniu THC i poprawia koncentracj\u0119 oraz pami\u0119\u0107<sup><a href=\"#footnote_1_79541\" id=\"identifier_12_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Introduction to tepenes, Medical Jane. [online]\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Przez tysi\u0105ce lat rozmaryn i sza\u0142wia by\u0142y uwa\u017cane za korzystne z powodu obecno\u015bci pinenu, a izolowany z oleju z igie\u0142 sosny alfa-pinen jest stosowany w tradycyjnej medycynie chi\u0144skiej w walce z nowotworami<sup><a href=\"#footnote_10_79541\" id=\"identifier_13_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Chen W,&nbsp;Liu Y,&nbsp;Li M,&nbsp;Mao J,&nbsp;Zhang L,&nbsp;Huang R,&nbsp;Jin X,&nbsp;Ye L, Anti-tumor effect of &alpha;-pinene on human hepatoma cell lines through inducing G2\/M cell cycle arrest, Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 127, iss.3 (March 2015):332-338.\">11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aromat:<\/strong> sosnowy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wyst\u0119powanie<\/strong>: sosna, ja\u0142owiec, koperek, rozmaryn, bazylia, pietruszka<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linalol\"><\/span>Linalol<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Znaleziony w blisko 200 gatunkach ro\u015blin, takich jak cynamon, mi\u0119ta, kwiaty, a zw\u0142aszcza lawenda, linalol znany jest ze swojego odpr\u0119\u017caj\u0105cego i usypiaj\u0105cego dzia\u0142ania. Linalol mo\u017ce by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c pomocny w leczeniu depresji i stan\u00f3w l\u0119kowych<sup><a href=\"#footnote_1_79541\" id=\"identifier_14_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Introduction to tepenes, Medical Jane. [online]\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W artykule z 2015 roku zwr\u00f3cono uwag\u0119 na kolejn\u0105 w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015b\u0107 tego terpenu. Okazuje si\u0119, \u017ce linalol mo\u017ce znacz\u0105co zmniejszy\u0107 zapalenie p\u0142uc wywo\u0142ane przez dym papierosowy, blokuj\u0105c kancerogenez\u0119 wywo\u0142an\u0105 przez benz[\u03b1]antracen, sk\u0142adnik substancji smolistych powstaj\u0105cych w wyniku spalania tytoniu<sup><a href=\"#footnote_11_79541\" id=\"identifier_15_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Ma, J., Xu, H. et al, Linalool inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting NF-&kappa;B activation, Int Immunopharmacol,&nbsp;(Dec 2015): 29(2):708-713.\">12<\/a><\/sup>. Linalool wzmacnia ponadto uk\u0142ad odporno\u015bciowy, aktywuj\u0105c kom\u00f3rki odporno\u015bciowe poprzez specyficzne receptory i \u015bcie\u017cki. Badanie opublikowane w 2015 roku z czasopi\u015bmie naukowym <em>Neuropharmacology<\/em> sugeruje r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce linalol mo\u017ce odwr\u00f3ci\u0107 histopatologiczne (mikroskopowe badanie tkanek biologicznych w celu obserwacji wygl\u0105du chorych kom\u00f3rek i tkanek w bardzo drobnych szczeg\u00f3\u0142ach) cechy charakterystyczne dla choroby Alzheimera i mo\u017ce przywr\u00f3ci\u0107 funkcje poznawcze i emocjonalne poprzez dzia\u0142anie przeciwzapalne<sup><a href=\"#footnote_12_79541\" id=\"identifier_16_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Sabogal-Guaqueta, AM, Osorio, E., Linalool reverses neuropathological and behavioral impairments in old triple transgenic Alzheimer&rsquo;s mice, Neuropharmacology,&nbsp;06 Nov 2015, 102:111-120.\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aromat:<\/strong> kwiatowy z nutk\u0105 pikanterii<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wyst\u0119powanie<\/strong>: lawenda, mi\u0119ta, cynamon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Humulen\"><\/span>Humulen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Humulen to terpen wyst\u0119puj\u0105cy mi\u0119dzy innymi w chmielu, to dzi\u0119ki niemu piwa zawdzi\u0119czaj\u0105 charakterystyczny &#8220;chmielowy&#8221; zapach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cz\u0119sto \u0142\u0105czony z beta-karofilenem, humulen jest od pokole\u0144 wykorzystywany w medycynie chi\u0144skiej na stany zapalne<sup><a href=\"#footnote_13_79541\" id=\"identifier_17_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Introduction to tepenes, Medical Jane. [online]\">14<\/a><\/sup>, uwa\u017cany jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c jako \u015brodek antybakteryjny, przeciwb\u00f3lowy oraz hamuj\u0105cy apetyt<sup><a href=\"#footnote_14_79541\" id=\"identifier_18_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Sharp, A., Long, J.; Cannabis Terpenes, Part 5: What&rsquo;s Humulene and How Does It Work?: 2019. [online]\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Wykazuje r\u00f3wnie\u017c w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci przeciwnowotworowe, hamuj\u0105c wzrost guza poprzez produkcj\u0119 reaktywnych form tlenu (substancji chemicznych, kt\u00f3re pomagaj\u0105 zniszczy\u0107 kom\u00f3rki nowotworowe)<sup><a href=\"#footnote_15_79541\" id=\"identifier_19_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Legault, L. et al., Antitumor activity of balsam fir oil: production of reactive oxygen species induced by alpha-humulene as possible mechanism of action., Planta Med, May 2003:69(5):402-7.\">16<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jego w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci s\u0105 korzystne nie tylko dla cz\u0142owieka, ale r\u00f3wnie\u017c dla samej ro\u015bliny, gdy\u017c odstrasza szkodniki i zmniejsza ryzyko infekcji grzybiczej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aromat:<\/strong> ziemski, drzewny, lekko korzenny<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wyst\u0119powanie<\/strong>: chmiel, bazylia, kolendra, mi\u0119ta, go\u017adzik, \u017ce\u0144-sze\u0144, pieprz czarny<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Efekt_Entourage\"><\/span>Efekt Entourage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wprowadzony w 1998 r. przez izraelskich badaczy<sup><a href=\"#footnote_16_79541\" id=\"identifier_20_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Ben-Shabat S,&nbsp;Fride E, An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity , Eur J Pharmacol.&nbsp;(July 1998) 17;353(1):23-31\">17<\/a><\/sup> termin &#8216;entourage effect&#8217; oznacza, \u017ce wszystkie naturalne zwi\u0105zki zawarte w konopiach, w tym THCV, CBC, CBG, CBDA, CBN, THC, CBD i terpeny, mog\u0105 synergistycznie wsp\u00f3\u0142dzia\u0142a\u0107, skutecznie zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105c korzystne oddzia\u0142ywanie konopi na organizm. Oznacza to, \u017ce izolowane substancje pochodz\u0105ce z konopi nie s\u0105 tak skuteczne, jak harmonijne ich po\u0142\u0105czenie p\u0142yn\u0105ce prosto z natury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W prze\u0142omowym artykule z 2011 r. badacz i neurolog Ethana Russo pokaza\u0142, w jaki spos\u00f3b terpeny i kannabinoidy wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105 ze sob\u0105, reguluj\u0105c prac\u0119 ca\u0142ego organizmu poprzez oddzia\u0142ywanie na uk\u0142ad endokannabinoidowy<sup><a href=\"#footnote_17_79541\" id=\"identifier_21_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Russo, E.B., Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology (2011):1344-1364.).\">18<\/a><\/sup>. Synergiczne po\u0142\u0105czenie terpen\u00f3w i kannabinoid\u00f3w wykazuje pozytywne rezultaty w leczeniu stan\u00f3w zapalnych, b\u00f3lu, infekcji bakteryjnych, b\u00f3lu, stan\u00f3w l\u0119kowych, depresji i wacha\u0144 nastroj\u00f3w<sup><a href=\"#footnote_18_79541\" id=\"identifier_22_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Ferber SG,&nbsp;Namdar D., The &ldquo;Entourage Effect&rdquo;: Terpenes Coupled with Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 18(2):87-96 (2020).\">19<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_to_w_praktyce_oznacza\"><\/span>Co to w praktyce oznacza? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ze wzgl\u0119du na synergiczne dzia\u0142anie kannabinoid\u00f3w i terpen\u00f3w, sugerujemy wyb\u00f3r olej\u00f3w konopnych CBD o &#8216;pe\u0142nym spektrum&#8217;. Tego typu oleje charakteryzuj\u0105 si\u0119 du\u017c\u0105 gam\u0105 kannabinoid\u00f3w oraz obecno\u015bci\u0105 terpen\u00f3w, s\u0105 jednak niewskazane osobom, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 regularnie badane pod k\u0105tem obecno\u015bci narkotyk\u00f3w we krwi. Takim osobom proponujemy wybranie kryszta\u0142\u00f3w CBD lub produkt\u00f3w zawieraj\u0105cych kryszta\u0142y CBD, gdy\u017c nie zawieraj\u0105 one psychoaktywnego THC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Referencje\"><\/span>Referencje<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol class=\"footnotes\"><li id=\"footnote_0_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Leinow,, L. and Birnbaum, J. (2017).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.de\/books\/about\/CBD.html?id=u3zcDQAAQBAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>CBD: A Patient\u2019s Guide to Medicinal Cannabis<\/em><\/a>. North Atlantic Books.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_0_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_1_79541\" class=\"footnote\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaljane.com\/category\/cannabis-classroom\/terpenes\/#terpenes-in-cannabis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Introduction to tepenes<\/a>, <em>Medical Jane<\/em>. [online]<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_1_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>] [<a href=\"#identifier_3_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>] [<a href=\"#identifier_4_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>] [<a href=\"#identifier_12_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>] [<a href=\"#identifier_14_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_2_79541\" class=\"footnote\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2503660\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ethan B Russo.&nbsp;Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain.&nbsp;Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2008 Feb; 4(1): 245\u2013259.<\/a><\/em><span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_2_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_3_79541\" class=\"footnote\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/vitamins\/ai\/ingredientmono-1105\/limonene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Limonene, (opens in a new tab)\">Limonene,<\/a> <em>Webmd<\/em>. [online]<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_5_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_4_79541\" class=\"footnote\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alchimiaweb.com\/blogen\/marijuana-terpenes-effects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Marijuana terpenes and their effects (opens in a new tab)\">Marijuana terpenes and their effects<\/a>, <em>Alchimiaweb<\/em>. [online]<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_6_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_5_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Ibid<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_7_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_6_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Kristiniak, S., Harpel, J., Breckenridge, D.M., and&nbsp;Buckle, J., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/acm.2012.0106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black Pepper Essential Oil to Enhance Intravenous Catheter Insertion in Patients With Poor Vein Visibility: A Controlled Study<\/a>,<em> The Journal of Alternative and Contemporary Medicine<\/em> 18, no 11 (November 2012):1003-1007.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_8_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_7_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Perry G. Fine and&nbsp;Mark J. Rosenfeld, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3820295\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"The Endocannabinoid System, Cannabinoids, and Pain (opens in a new tab)\">The Endocannabinoid System, Cannabinoids, and Pain<\/a>, <em>Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal <\/em>4, no. 4 (2013).<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_9_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_8_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Russo, E.B., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3165946\/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects (opens in a new tab)\">Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects<\/a>, <em>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/em> (2011):1344-1364.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_10_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_9_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Rohr AC,&nbsp;Wilkins CK,&nbsp;Clausen PA,&nbsp;Hammer M,&nbsp;Nielsen GD,&nbsp;Wolkoff P,&nbsp;Spengler JD., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12122569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Upper airway and pulmonary effects of oxidation products of (+)-alpha-pinene, d-limonene, and isoprene in BALB\/c mic (opens in a new tab)\">Upper airway and pulmonary effects of oxidation products of (+)-alpha-pinene, d-limonene, and isoprene in BALB\/c mic<\/a>e, <em>Inhalation Technology<\/em> 14 no. 7 (2002) 633-684.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_11_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_10_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Chen W,&nbsp;Liu Y,&nbsp;Li M,&nbsp;Mao J,&nbsp;Zhang L,&nbsp;Huang R,&nbsp;Jin X,&nbsp;Ye L, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25837931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Anti-tumor effect of \u03b1-pinene on human hepatoma cell lines through inducing G2\/M cell cycle arrest (opens in a new tab)\">Anti-tumor effect of \u03b1-pinene on human hepatoma cell lines through inducing G2\/M cell cycle arrest<\/a>, <em>Journal of Pharmacological Sciences<\/em> 127, iss.3 (March 2015):332-338.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_13_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_11_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Ma, J., Xu, H. et al, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26432179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Linalool inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation (opens in a new tab)\">Linalool inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation<\/a>,<em> Int Immunopharmacol<\/em>,&nbsp;(Dec 2015): 29(2):708-713.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_15_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_12_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Sabogal-Guaqueta, AM, Osorio, E., <a href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/26549854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Linalool reverses neuropathological and behavioral impairments in old triple transgenic Alzheimer&#039;s mice (opens in a new tab)\">Linalool reverses neuropathological and behavioral impairments in old triple transgenic Alzheimer&#8217;s mice<\/a>, <em>Neuropharmacology<\/em>,&nbsp;06 Nov 2015, 102:111-120.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_16_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_13_79541\" class=\"footnote\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaljane.com\/category\/cannabis-classroom\/terpenes\/#terpenes-in-cannabis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Introduction to tepenes (opens in a new tab)\">Introduction to tepenes<\/a>, <em>Medical Jane<\/em>. [online]<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_17_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_14_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Sharp, A., Long, J.; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.siranaturals.org\/blog\/terpenes-humulene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Cannabis Terpenes, Part 5: What\u2019s Humulene and How Does It Work? (opens in a new tab)\">Cannabis Terpenes, Part 5: What\u2019s Humulene and How Does It Work?<\/a>: 2019. [online]<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_18_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_15_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Legault, L. et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12802719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Antitumor activity of balsam fir oil: production of reactive oxygen species induced by alpha-humulene as possible mechanism of action. (opens in a new tab)\">Antitumor activity of balsam fir oil: production of reactive oxygen species induced by alpha-humulene as possible mechanism of action.<\/a>, <em>Planta Med<\/em>, May 2003:69(5):402-7.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_19_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_16_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Ben-Shabat S,&nbsp;Fride E, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9721036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity <\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9721036#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eur J Pharmacol.<\/a>&nbsp;(July 1998) 17;353(1):23-31<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_20_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_17_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Russo, E.B., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3165946\/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects<\/a>, <em>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/em> (2011):1344-1364.).<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_21_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_18_79541\" class=\"footnote\">Ferber SG,&nbsp;Namdar D., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31481004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"The &quot;Entourage Effect&quot;: Terpenes Coupled with Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders (opens in a new tab)\">The &#8220;Entourage Effect&#8221;: Terpenes Coupled with Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders<\/a>. <em>Curr Neuropharmacol<\/em> 18(2):87-96 (2020).<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_22_79541\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>W konopiach znajdziemy nie tylko kannabinoidy, wiele innych zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w chemicznych, a w\u015br\u00f3d nich terpeny, nadaj\u0105ce konopiom charakterystyczny smak i zapach. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":86891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Hemppedia","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79541"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79541"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":110486,"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79541\/revisions\/110486"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.hemppedia.org\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}